High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): separates, identifies, and quantifies each component in a mixture.
Gas Chromatography (GC): separates and analyzes volatile compounds.
Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC): faster and more sensitive than HPLC.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR): analyzes molecular structure and identifies functional groups.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR): provides detailed information on molecular structure.
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis): measures absorption of light by molecules.
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS): combines chromatography and mass spectrometry.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): identifies and quantifies volatile compounds.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): analyzes metals and other inorganic compounds.
Dissolution Testing Apparatus: measures the rate of dissolution of pharmaceutical products.
Particle Size Analyzers: measures the size and distribution of particles.
X-Ray Diffraction (XRD): analyzes the crystal structure of pharmaceutical materials.